Short Essay On Langston Hughes - 738 Words

Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance mounted an early 20th Century movement in which authors and artists of color discovered what it means to be an artist, what it means to be black, and what it means to be American, and what it means to be all of these things at the same time. The Harlem Renaissance began just after the first World War and lasted into the early years of the Great Depression. Like the European Renaissance, the Harlem Renaissance was a social and political movement, but also an artistic one. Artistic movements such literature, music, ethnography, drama, poetry, and publishing were all avenues of expression amongst African-Americans risen from the Harlem Renaissance. Langston Hughes wrote about this time, stating â€Å"the†¦show more content†¦In the short first stanza, Hughes expresses that he has known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins. From this early point in the point in the ballad, pictures of the channels of veins that keep running all through the human body and in addition comparative pictures of streams that breeze around and are molded like veins shape our understanding that this lyric is about more than blood or water, it is about roots and circuits. Like veins or streams, roots run profound and contort sporadically through the medium in which they are planted. The antiquated waterways the speaker talks of resemble the blood in veins or the roots under trees since they give sustenance and can give and bolster life. This is later upheld when the speaker examines early developments that flourished off the stream framework, along these lines the subject of roots has a double significance. â€Å"I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young / I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled it me to sleep which makes the peruser mindful that the â€Å"ancient rivers talked about before are the roots both regarding history and in addition physically. The subject of streams is proceeded in the accom panying lines where the speaker subtle elements looking along the Nile and afterward hearing singing inShow MoreRelatedEssay on James Langston Hughes891 Words   |  4 Pages (February 1, 1902 - May 22, 1967) Born in Joplin, Missouri, James Langston Hughes was born into an abolitionist family. He was the grandson of grandson of Charles Henry Langston, the brother of John Mercer Langston, who was the the first Black American to be elected to public office in 1855. Hughes attended Central High School in Cleveland, Ohio, but began writing poetry in the eighth grade, and was selected as Class Poet. His father didnt think he would be able to make a living as at writingRead MoreLangston Hughes, An American Poet Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesJames Mercer Langston Hughes was one of the most influential African-American writers during the Harlem Renaissance. He was born on February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri to James and Carrie Mercer Hughes. Hughes parents divorced shortly after his birth and his father moved to Mexico. Hughes went to live with his grandmother, Mary Patterson Langston in Kansas while his mother travelled back and forth with jobs. After his grandmother died he went to live with friends of the family, James and Mary ReedRead MoreLangston Hughes : Jazz Poetry And Harlem Renaissance1212 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes Jazz Poetry and Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes was an African American poet who was born on 01 February 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents separated and later divorced during his childhood. Subsequently he was raised predominantly by his maternal grandmother. His grandparents were politically active and supporters of the abolition of slavery. They were activists in the movement for voting rights for African Americans. Through their active involvement in his upbringingRead MoreCritique of Julie Aberdeens Essay on the Writings of Langston Hughes during the Harlem Renaissance638 Words   |  3 PagesAberdeens essay on the writings of Langston Hughes during the Harlem Renaissance Aberdeens essay on Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance had a clear theme that was supported throughout by many examples. While an actual thesis statement was lacking, or a title that would have provided similar direction, the content stayed close to the topics of striving for equality and cultural identity through the writings of Hughes. A good thesis statement for this essay might be: This essay will examineRead MoreLangston Hughes: A Jazz Poet1045 Words   |  5 Pages Langston Hughes (James Mercer Langston Hughes) was a poet, columnist, dramatist, essayist, lyricist, and novelist. He was one of the earliest innovators of the literary art form called jazz poetry. Hughes, like others, was active in the Harlem Renaissance, and he had a strong sense of racial pride. Through his poem, novels, short stories, plays, and kids books, he promoted equality, condemned racism, and injustice, and celebrated African American culture, and humor. (Illinois). Langston HughesRead MoreLangston Hughes and Jesse B. Simple1109 Words   |  5 PagesLansgton Hughes and Jesse B. Semple In the early 1940s an African American writer by the name of Langston Hughes, who flourished during the Harlem Renaissance in New York, had established a character in his short story writings named Jesse B. Semple. Through these short stories he used this character to represent the black man of his times. However the question remains, is Jesse B. Semple an accurate representation of the black man of 1940s? This question can best be answered by looking at theRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes and Jesse B. Simple1074 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Lansgton Hughes and Jesse B. Semple† In the early 1940s an African American writer by the name of Langston Hughes, who flourished during the Harlem Renaissance in New York, had established a character in his short story writings named Jesse B. Semple. Through these short stories he used this character to represent the black man of his times. However the question remains, is Jesse B. Semple an accurate representation of the black man of 1940s? This question can best be answered by looking at theRead More Langston Hughes Salvation Essay example642 Words   |  3 PagesLangston Hughes Salvation In most peoples lives, there comes a point in time where their perception changes abruptly; a single moment in their life when they come to a sudden realization. In Langston Hughes Salvation, contrary to all expectations, a young Hughes is not saved by Jesus, but is saved from his own innocence. Salvation is the story of a young boy who has an experience of revelation. While attending a church revival, he comes to the sudden realization that Jesus will notRead MoreEssay on Salvation (Langston Hughes)666 Words   |  3 Pagesrealization. In Langston Hughes Salvation, contrary to all expectations, a young Hughes is not saved by Jesus, but is saved from his own innocence. Salvation is the story of a young boy who has an experience of revelation. While attending a church revival, he comes to the sudden realization that Jesus will not physically come save him. In the first three sentences of the essay, the speaker adopts a very childlike style. He makes use of simple words and keeps the sentences short, similar in styleRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagesmovers and shakers of the Harlem Renaissance is Langston Hughes. He amongst other artist brought new forms of black cultural expressions into urban areas that had been affected by The Great Migration. Harlem was the largest area affected by said Great Migration. Though the Harlem Renaissance was centered in Harlem the power and strength contained in the words of artist such as Langston Hughes reached Paris and even the Caribbean. Langston Hughes was a key figure in the Harlem Renaissance movement

Negative Externalities Of Cigarette Smoking - 849 Words

I’ve decided to analyze the negative externalities that come from cigarette smoking, particularly the negative externality of second hand smoking, in which a non-smoker, therefore a non-buyer and non-seller, is still inhaling smoke and suffering from it. Worldwide, 40% of children, 33% of male non-smokers, and 35% of female non-smokers were exposed to second-hand smoke in 2004. This exposure was estimated to have caused 379000 deaths from ischaemic heart disease, 165000 from lower respiratory infections, 36900 from asthma, and 21400 from lung cancer.(Ãâ€"berg, 2010). Due to this negative externality, if there is no government intervention, then cigarettes will be overproduced from what is socially optimal. There have been several regulations put on cigarette companies to try to reduce consumption. The first regulation was in 1965 with the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act which mandated that cigarette companies must put warning labels on their cigarette packages, as well as submit yearly reports on the health consequences of smoking. The most recent federal regulation was in 2009 The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act which will allows the FDA to lower the amount of nicotine in tobacco products.... Tobacco companies also will be required to cover their cartons with large graphic warnings. (MSNBC, 2009). This helps to correct the negative externalities associated with second hand smoking by one, warning people not to start smoking, whichShow MoreRelatedThe Externalities of Smoking1470 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing number of countries have imposed a ban on smoking in public places, including restaurants and bars. Unlike other regulations of cigarettes such as tax or promoting ban, this territorial smoking control sparked heated debates. While some argue that the implementation of this regulation is inefficient and reduce the public welfare (Viscusi, 1994; Tollison and Wagner, 1992; Lambert, 2006), others claim that smokers do impose negative externalities to both non-smokers and themselves (Gravelle andRead MoreCases1383 Words   |  6 Pages102 Externalities In our economy, the government is always trying to improve the allocation of resources; one of the methods that improve the allocation of resources in our economy is the alteration of market failures that are caused by externalities. Externalities occur when an external source receives some of the costs of benefits of a certain good that the actual buyer or seller does not receive. There are two sides to externalities; there are both negative and positive externalities. FirstRead MoreTax On Smoking Essay1079 Words   |  5 PagesWith regards to a tax on smoking I believe that it would be unlikely that the negative externalities, the spill-over effects onto third parties that are not given compensation for those issues, of smoking would be corrected solely by a tax on them. The reason why government intervention is required within the cigarette market is because it is a market failure – there is an inefficient allocation of resources causing both too much production and too much consumption of the product. The following evaluationRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of the Baning of Somiking Inside Your Own Home659 Words   |  3 Pages According to the article, the Houston Housing Authority has placed a smoking ban on public housing properties, whereby â€Å"residents can no longer smoke inside their homes, nor within 25 feet of a main entrance†. This is an example of an externality, a side effect on third-parties caused by producti on or consumption activities. This is a negative consumption externality, where the marginal private benefits (benefits to consumers of consuming one more unit of a good) are greater than the marginal socialRead MoreCigarette Taxation: Fastest Growing Revenue in the United States631 Words   |  3 PagesCigarette taxation is the fastest growing revenue in the United States. The article says that about 1.3 billion people around the world smoke, which is really high. All over America, underage smoking is happening, and the government thinks raising the taxes on cigarettes is a way they can stop this. According to the article, if the government increases cigarette taxes by 50%, it reduces the overall consumption of cigarettes by 20%. This is because a rise of price will mean that people spend lessRead MoreOutcome of Banning Smoking in Public Areas663 Words   |  3 Pagesasthma problems has dropped by after smoking was banned in public places. Researchers from the University of Maas tricht and the University of Edinburgh studied 250,000 hospital visits and more than 2.5 million births for asthma attacks in children. It was discovered that â€Å"preterm births and hospital attendance for asthma has fallen by 10% â€Å" especially in areas where smoking is banned. Though banning smoking at in public places would possibly have a negative effect, because people may start to smokeRead MoreTax And Its Effect On Society Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pages of economy, Principle of elasticity and flexibility and so on. What will happen to the supply and demand of cigarettes when tax rate is increased? Increasing tax will lead to a fall in demand, although this may only be a small effect, because demand is price inelastic. People are addicted and there are no close substitutes. Also, smoking has many negative externalities (passive smoking, the cost to the NHS is estimated to be  £1.5 billion) therefore, the social cost is greater than the private cost;Read MoreThe Tobacco Market Of The United Kingdom Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesMorris International, 2016). Today, this company has nearly 120 employees in London for the United Kingdom division. The organization involved in the various supply chain of the tobacco business including the distribution and marketing of the various cigarette brands including Marlboro and Chesterfield (Philip Morris International, 2016). The market structure for the tobacco market in the United Kingdom is the monopolistic competition. The reason behind this is because the various organisations involvedRead MoreThe Sources of Market Failure Essay909 Words   |  4 Pagesresources to produce a different range of goods and services. Market failure is a situation where the free market fails to achieve an optimum allocation of resources, and this may come about because of (a) market imperfections (b) externalities and (c) public goods and merit goods. Market imperfection describes a situation in which the market behavior differs from what it would be under perfect competition. A monopoly or an oligopoly may control the market and prevent otherRead MoreExternalities Essay615 Words   |  3 PagesWhat are externalities? Externalities are common in virtually every area of economic activity. They are defined asthird party (or spill-over) effects arising from the production and/or consumption of goods and services for which no appropriate compensation is paid. Externalities can cause market failure if the price mechanism does not take into account the full social costs and social benefits of production and consumption. The study of externalities by economists has become extensive

How Relevant Is Freud Today free essay sample

Sigmund Freud was arguably one of the most influential psychologists in the investigation of personality, and his work can still, to some extent, be considered relevant today. His methods allowed for the first time the investigation of phenomena that were previously difficult to tackle, such as dreams and sexual desires. â€Å"Yes and No† is a justified reply to the question of whether Freud is relevant today in that his ideas on personality were the first to investigate the role of childhood trauma, and have been reflected in the work of many other psychologists since, either as a continuation of his work or as a reaction to it. In this essay, the relevance of Freuds Personality Theory will be assessed, with reference to conflicting theories, such as social-cognitive, trait and biological approaches. It can be argued that Freuds original ideas still have relevance today as they sparked off much research, leading to the development of more thorough and relevant theories, as well as the development of techniques for research and therapy. Most other personality theories were developed at least partly due to the limitations of his work (Pervin et al, 2005). However, the relevance can be thrown into question in terms of Freuds outdated methods, and his inability to accept new evidence or research that conflicted with his ideas. Central to Freuds psychoanalytical theory is the idea that peoples actions are driven by powerful, innate biological urges that must be satisfied (Schaffer, 2008). Many of his ideas caught on early in the twentieth century, as they covered a wide scope, and even today his insights are still influential, however many psychologists have severe criticisms of his methods, and disagree with his theories. One such criticism is that the empirical testing of Freuds theory is very difficult, almost impossible, therefore the scientific status of psychoanalytic theory can be questioned. â€Å"We can no more test Freudian hypotheses on the couch than we can adjudicate between the rival hypotheses of Newton and Einstein by going to sleep under the apple tree† (Eynsenck, 1953, cited by Pervin et al). The terminology used in psychoanalysis can be vague and ambiguous, for example how can we define libido? Gleitman et al, 2004). Also, the energy model, while it is a useful metaphor for personality functioning, it cannot adequately explain the complexity of human behaviour. Freuds theory does not allow for predictions in the future, and does not explain phenomena from the past, therefore it is no surprise that â€Å"many psychologists believe the theory should be set aside in favour of other, more powerful conceptions. † (Gleitman et al, 2004) A major critic of Freudian theory was H ans J. Eynsenck, who believed that a serious shortcoming of psychoanalytic theory was the lack of precise, reliable measures (Pervin et al, 2005). Eynsenck placed emphasis on the biological basis of personality traits, and used the method of factor-analysis to establish the basic traits of personality. It can be argued that trait approaches to personality are more relevant to todays study of personality than earlier Freudian ideas, as Freud and other early theorists relied heavily on pure intuition while trait theorists rely on an objective, statistical procedure (Pervin et al, 2005). The Five-Factor Model of Personality was developed as a solution to the fact that there are many different words that can describe personality traits; in English alone, there are more than 5,000 words to describe personality characteristics (Pervin et al, 2005). Everrett (1983) suggested that the number of factors used for determining personality traits should be decided by comparing rotated solutions in different samples and using the one solution that could be replicated (McCrae, 1987). The five factor solution showed high replication of all factors, demonstrating that when compared to psychoanalytic theory, trait theories have higher reliability and relevance in todays scientific study of personality. However, trait theory also cannot be completely objective and is culturally biased toward western society; other reactionary theories can provide further evidence for the relevance (or lack of relevance) of Freuds ideas. Another important alternative to psychoanalytic theories of personality development is the social-cognitive approach. Cognitive psychologists would argue that Freuds theory has little relevance for todays scientific study of personality, and would place far more emphasis on behaviour as situation-specific, cognitive thought processes and the social origins of behaviour (Pervin et al, 2005). The theoretical principle of reciprocal determinism contradicts Freudian theories, and states that â€Å"personality, behaviour and the environment must be understood as a system of forces that mutually influence one another† (Bandura, 1997, cited by Pervin et al, 2005). Additionally, biological theories of personality can be used to undermine the relevance of Freuds ideas. Behaviour geneticists use various techniques to find scientific evidence that some degree of the variation in characteristics is genetically determined. In selective breeding studies, animals with a particular characteristic are chosen and mated together to produce offspring with this specific trait. In this way, it has been illustrated that genes can contribute to problems that had before been considered the fault of the individual, for example, research on mice has found that â€Å"genetic factors present some individuals with severe vulnerabilities to lifelong problems with alcohol,† (Hamer Copeland, 1998, cited by Pervin et al,2005). Twin studies have also supported the idea that genetic factors are of considerable importance in explaining normal variation in personality types, while there is consistent evidence that the effects of a shared home environment is minimal (Thapar McGuffin,1993). This discredits the idea that childhood experiences shape personality, questioning the relevance of Freuds theory. Further evidence of a biological basis to personality rather than the explanations offered by psychoanalytic theories come from the neuroscience of personality. For example, the amygdala, located within the limbic system, appears to be vital for processing all emotional stimuli (Pervin et al, 2005). In addition to this, neurotransmitter functioning provides more evidence for the idea of biological influences on the development of personality traits. The drugs involved in alleviating depression, Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors, (SSRIs), were administered to normal individuals and have been found to â€Å"reduce negative affective experience and to increase social, affiliative behaviour,† (Knutson et al, 1998, cited by Pervin et al, 2005). Support for biological theories also comes from the case study of Phineas Gage. Before an accident in 1848 which involved his tamping iron being blown completely through his skull, destroying his left frontal lobe, Gages personality was that of a serious, industrious, energetic and responsible man (Pervin et al, 2005). After the accident, however â€Å"in this regard his mind was radically changed, so decidedly that his friends and acquaintances said he was no longer Gage† (Harlow, 1868, cited by Macmillan et al, 2010). Phineas Gages personality had been completely transformed after the accident, supporting the theory that biological processes play an important part in the development of most personality traits. Despite all this, the early ideas of Freud cannot simply be disregarded as being irrelevant to todays scientific study of personality. Freud noted, for the first time ever, that scientists had only been studying what he called the â€Å"tip of the iceberg,† and claimed that most psychic experience lay below the level of conscious awareness (Schaffer, 2008).